The Impact Of Traditional Chemotherapeutic Agents On Patients

In contrast to a decade ago, we’ve seen an explosion of new drugs and virtually all of these drugs are targeted therapies. The substantial increase in the transition of FDA approvals from standard chemotherapeutics to targeted therapies is also equally astounding (Martino et al., 2015). The traditional chemotherapeutic agents are simply not being developed with the same frequency by drug companies any more. While chemotherapeutics have had a real impact and in some diseases a dramatic impact, for most common solid tumours, these impacts have been minimal. Moreover, standard chemotherapy often results in collateral damage to healthy cells causing unwanted side effects while targeted therapies are associated with fewer and less toxic side†¦show more content†¦This chromosome abnormality involved the exchange of genetic information between ABL gene on chromosome 9 and BCR gene on chromosome 22. What was remarkable about this was that 95% of patients with CML had this chr omosomal abnormality (ROWLEY, 1973). Subsequent research showed that in a CML cancer cell, the fusion protein BRC-ABL functions as a constitutively activated intracellular tyrosine kinase that binds to ATP and transfers a phosphate group to its target substrate protein. The target substrate protein then becomes phosphorylated and progresses to stimulate cell growth of the leukaemia cells (Lugo et al., 1990). The drug, Gleevac mimics ATP so it binds to the site within the BRC-ABL that’s normally bound by ATP, preventing it from binding. It thereby prevents phosphorylation of the substrate target protein and prevents cancer cell growth (Deininger, Buchdunger and Druker, 2005). Based on the 1998-2000 clinical studies, Imatinib yielded high response rates with minimal toxicity in all phases of CML and consequently received FDA approval in 2001 (Druker et al., 2001) (O Brien et al., 2003) (Druker et al., 2001) (Hahn, 2003). This was actually the fastest drug approval in FDA history as within three years the drug went from being an experimental drug to an FDA-approved drug. However, just after Imatinib came into clinical practice, reports of resistance against the drug started emerging with most

Conformity Speech Essay - 915 Words

Remember those times in class when the teacher has asked a question and the answer in mind is surely correct, yet when you look around the majority have chosen an option completely opposite? What about the time your friends pressured you into stealing that shirt or CD or involving in mocking little Johnny because he was a ‘geek’? At the time there was no problems. As a part of the group you felt confident, secure and â€Å"like so cool†. But when you found that your answer was actually the correct one or were caught with the items in your bag or punished for taunting Little Johnny, do you remember your cowardice reason for acting as you did? The vast majority of people will recall saying, â€Å"Everybody is doing it† – a sentence that is one†¦show more content†¦The main reason being the guarantee that you will never be left alone. It is so often that people commit sinister acts, then when accused, they sheepishly retreat into the numbers of those involved. It is this unquestionable human fear and weakness of solitude that drives people to shelter in the shadows of conformity. Another is to avoid conflict or tension with others, especially if the person or party is with high authority as they also have the ability to punish. On many occasions has there been disagreements to certain rules or policies, yet conformity has pressured them into being unquestioned and just accepted. Conformity is continually demonstrated and seen, especially amongst adolescents. For example amongst this audience. I’m not sure that everyone was listening to me speak or even still awake for that matter. However, once I stop talking, someone will initiate applause and the rest will follow. If I asked all of you individually what the speech was about could my questions be answered? Most unlikely. Then why were you applauding? Probably not because of the quality of the speech but because it is just the ‘norm’ to applause on conclusion (or possibly just a sign of relief that its over *smirk*). It is true that this decision to go against social conduct brings about certain hardships however it also has one obvious advantage. That is people are able are able to see you for the first time.Show MoreRelatedAmeric Land Of The Free, And Home1411 Words   |  6 Pagesslowly conned into the conformist society that many live in today. The definition of success in itself has changed for the worse; changing from knowledge and efficiency to materialism and wealth. Even though many have become prominent victims of conformity and have been deprived of their individual rights in the past, the American value of patriotism, individual liberty and individualism should stand strong in the hearts of Americans now and in the near future. Americans in the past have developedRead MoreSocietys Influence on the American Dream1202 Words   |  5 Pagesloss of his best friend, Babbit realizes his life has no meaning and rebels against societys conformity destroying his reputation. Lacking the courage to be independent, Babbits dream of true ecstasy crumbles when he succumbs to hypocritical lifestyle realizing that he needs conformity. Strongly influenced by a sanctimonious society, Babbit, a man in search for himself, realizes that he needs conformity to live. Babbit dreams of improving his status in the community, not realizing that hypocrisyRead MoreConformity and Individuality Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesConformity Speech I strongly believe that individuality should be valued over conformity. Today I will tell you how precious and rare individuality is, and why we should value it over conformity. As human beings, our lives are circled around a thin line that separates conformity and individuality. 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In this paper, I will strongly explain the significance of quotation, assumptions mills argument depends upon, limitations in the right of free speech and agreement with Mill’s points of view. Without further ado; let me activate the critical analysis of Mill’s approach regarding liberty. To commence, Mill’s attempt was to lay out an ideology that different opinions are drastically desirable andRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Mill On Liberty1074 Words   |  5 Pagesones. Mill expressed his understanding about liberty in several ways in his essay named, On Liberty. In this paper, I will strongly explain the significance of the quotation, assumptions mills argument depends upon, limitations in the right of free speech, and agreement with Mill’s points of view. Without further ado; let me activate the critical analysis of Mill’s approach regarding liberty. To commence, Mill’s attempt was to lay out an ideology that different opinions are drastically desirable andRead More Internet: The Newest Mass Medium Essay931 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation be used for illegal purposes, it can be used without someone’s knowledge, for marketing purposes, which some people find to be an infringement of their privacy. The Internet is a breeding ground for freedom of expression and freedom of speech, which is why certain countries such as China and Germany, have done everything in their power to restrict the content made available to citizens. However, because of the Constitution, American government is finding it rather difficult to set upRead MoreDystopian Society In George Orwells 19841461 Words   |  6 PagesThe dystopian society at the center of George Orwell’s 1984, although written years earlier, raises many challenges with freedom of speech and press. The novel mirrors numerous issues with the media that have arose today, and with remarkable accuracy, especially considering that Orwell wrote this novel during the the late 1940s. With the threat of Communism creeping towards America’s doorstep, Americans were focused on strengthening the government in order to withstand the Communist threat. As aRead MoreThe Arguement Against Censorship in Areopagitica by John Milton594 Word s   |  3 PagesThe revolutionary period of the Renaissance, where the concept of individuality is in the center, will suggest progress in the promotion of the freedom of speech. Surprisingly, in John Miltons time, the opposite occurs: in England of 1643 comes forth the order of the regulation of printing, in which every printed material has to be licensed by the parliament in order to get published. Milton retaliates against this law by writing the tract Areopagitica, a Greek word whose meaning is place of

Nursing Education Teaching

Question: Describe the teaching experience and discuss your observations. The written portion of this assignment should include: 1.Summary of teaching plan 2.Epidemiological rationale for topic 3.Evaluation of teaching experience 4.Community response to teaching 5.Areas of strengths and areas of improvement Answer: Introduction The commission on collegiate nursing education is an accrediting agency that contributes to the improvement of the health of public. The commission ensures the integrity and quality of residency, baccalaureate and graduates program in nursing. They also serve the interest of public by identifying and assessing the programs using non-traditional experiences for practicing nurses (Brockopp Hastings-Tolsma, 2003). The American Association of Colleges of Nursingsupports the voice of graduate and baccalaureate nursing education and establishes quality standards for the education of nurse. They work to implement standards and influence the profession of nursing to improve the health care and promoting support of public for the professional nursing practice, education and research. The RN and BSN program at the Grand Canyon University provides the information of clinical competencies by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursin g (AACN), using non-traditional experiences for practicing nurses (Cannon Boswell, 2012). Epidemiological rationale The Epidemiological rational study of the non traditional experience for practicing nurses by the nursing students that engage in learning within the context of specific care discipline, local communities and specific care discipline helps to understand the concept of epidemiology in the nursing practice while applying and gaining the statistical conceptual skills. The practice involves focus on the importance of prevention of diseases and community cantered migration which helps the students to expand their base knowledge while enhancing the practical application researches and skills (Caputi Engelmann, 2005). The advance practice of the nursing students helps them to meet the requirement of American association of nursing as per the nursing practice standards. The epidemiological study of the non traditional nurse practising includes emerging infectious disease, role of culture, environmental and genetic epidemiology, ethical and legal issues and nursing in the emergency and pande mics preparedness. The practice involves the determinants and distribution of the disease frequency and using the different tools including statistics, geography, demography, and the biological sciences. The study includes requirement for the both clinical and didactic instruction in the areas of patient care in addition to the care of patient and their families (DeNisco Barker, 2013). The study shows the role of nurse in the clinical governance within the hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities Evaluation of teaching experience The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing draws the attention towards the shortage of nurse faculty and advance possible solution. They identified number of factors that contributes towards the shortfall in number of educator for nurse needed (Gardner Suplee, 2010). The factors included the pattern of faculty retirement, salary differential between practice and academia, competition for the nurses with their graduate degrees and flat graduation and enrolment rates in the advanced nursing program. The teaching experience influences the student success and assists them to shape their next of nurses. The students can use this experience to model the professional skills and values and influencing the quality care provided by the nurses. The teaching also includes the importance of nurse practice and their role in the clinical department such as managing the patient care agencies and units, caring for the patient and serving the no n traditional experiences for practising nurses (Wilson, 2010). Community response The participation of the community is important to support the non traditional experience for practicing nurses. The community support towards excellence encompasses and practice competence, the activities and attitudes in the clinical practices. The nursing practice supports the development and enhancement of the community by providing care to the patient (DeNisco Barker, 2013). The health nurse practice promotes the health of families, population, communities, environment and individuals supporting the health. The community always expects to use and know the working areas of practices, administration, education and research. The standard of practice describes role of nurse towards community through skills, knowledge, attitude and judgement needed to practice the nursing safely. Areas of strength and weakness Strength and weakness are like the two sides of a same coin. Like any other professional programs, nursing also has its own areas of strength and weakness. Every graduate nurse must feel important and valued member of the team. If the support is available and provided to the new graduated nurses then it is an obvious strength of the programs. The support makes them feel accepted and valued and this feeling gives them the energy to do the work perfectly. It is very important to feel familiar with the ward team which enables a registered nurse to develop the confidence and competence. The role which a preceptor plays is considered to be the strength of the programs. Preceptors are respected and valued when the personalities of the new graduated nurses and the personality of the preceptor are compatible (Pender, Murdaugh Parsons, 2011). Next, the 12 month program of the transition support is considered to strength because this period gives the new graduated nurses to develop the necess ary and essential confidence for attaining the role of nurse perfectly. When, newly graduated nurse work without any kind of support is considered as the weakness of the programs (Potter, Perry, Hall Stockert, n.d.). Next the horizontal violence and bullying that a less experienced nurse can face ,undermines the confidence of the nurses and makes the period of transition unpleasant and stressful. Nowadays the act of bullying is becoming so ingrained and common in the culture of nursing that it seems to be an accepted part of behaviour for nurses. High expectation regarding the work of a newly graduated nurse is unrealistic and this kind of high expectation is considered as a weakness of this program (Hegner, Acello Caldwell, 2008). The programs are usually designed for assisting a newly graduated nurse to be accustomed to the role of nurse but in reality new nurses are expected to play the role perfectly without the expected support (Stanhope Lancaster, 2000). The above mentioned weaknesses are very common in the programs. Required improvement for nursing practice Improvement of support mechanisms is necessary. Support mechanisms are necessary to be tailored individually to every new nurse in order to meet their needs. Expecting that the newly graduated nurse will be able to work independently is impractical (Beaulieu, 2012). Approach of the teachers to the newly graduated nurse should be more supportive and friendly. It is the job of the teachers to make the new nurses feel comfortable. It is the responsibility of the faculties and schools of nursing to make the students more accustomed with the clinical experience in real situations. (Ellis, n.d.) This process of facing the real situation will make the students experienced and it will also help to have a realistic understanding about the role of nurse. Real experience will help the students to be more confident. Discussion between the hospitals and the faculties of nursing about the perceptions of the undergraduates needs to be identified. Bullying and harassing of the new nursing students s hould be prohibited in the workplace. If someone practices this kind of malicious behaviour, legal actions must be taken against the one. It is very necessary for the hospitals to implement and develop practical and realistic ways for eradicating bullying in workplace. Unit managers have to be more careful for stopping the unwanted behaviour of the nurses. Conclusion To conclude we can sum up the above discussion on the topic of nursing. As we all know, nursing is a very noble profession and it follows some ethics and rules too. Nursing is the most important and indispensible part of health care. Patient becomes dependent on their nurses emotionally and physically. So a nurse must be more careful about the requirements of the profession. That is why, perfect training is necessary for understanding the profession of nursing. Teaching planning and motivating the new graduated nurses is much important. Perfect and adequate plan gives the new nurses an actual picture of the profession and its requirements. Experience while teaching nursing is a vital part .Experienced teacher can the new graduated nurses well. The strengths of the nursing program must be nourished and the weakness of the program should be mitigated. As nursing in very essential for the health department, it should be practiced in the right way. Necessary steps of mitigating the weakness must be taken. References Brockopp, D., Hastings-Tolsma, M. (2003).Fundamentals of nursing research. Boston: Jones Bartlett. Cannon, S., Boswell, C. (2012).Evidence-based teaching in nursing. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Caputi, L., Engelmann, L. (2005).Teaching nursing. Glen Ellyn, Ill.: College of DuPage Press. DeNisco, S., Barker, A. (2013).Advanced practice nursing. Burlington, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning. Gardner, M., Suplee, P. (2010).Handbook of clinical teaching in nursing and health sciences. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Wilson, L. (2010). The American Association of Colleges of Nursings Geriatric Nursing Education Consortium.J Gerontol Nurs,36(7), 14-17. doi:10.3928/00989134-20100528-01 Beaulieu, E. (2012).A guide for nursing home social workers. New York: Springer Pub. Ellis, P.Understanding ethics for nursing students. Hegner, B., Acello, B., Caldwell, E. (2008).Nursing assistant. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Huston, C.Professional issues in nursing. Leininger, M., McFarland, M. (2006).Culture care diversity and universality. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., Parsons, M. (2011).Health promotion in nursing practice. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Potter, P., Perry, A., Hall, A., Stockert, P.Fundamentals of nursing. Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2000).Community public health nursing. St. Louis: Mosby.